Network Security Vulnerabilities in Smart Vehicle-to-Grid Systems Identifying Threats and Proposing Robust Countermeasures

Abstract

Background: With the rise of electric vehicles (EVs), Smart Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems have emerged as a promising technology, enabling EVs to interact with the power grid for energy transactions. While this technology offers advantages in grid management and renewable energy integration, it also presents potential security vulnerabilities.

Objective: This research aims to identify and analyze potential threats to V2G systems and propose robust countermeasures to address these vulnerabilities.

Methods: A comprehensive review of V2G system architecture was conducted to identify potential security threats. These threats include Eavesdropping, Man-in-the-Middle Attacks, Denial of Service attacks, Physical Tampering, Malware and Firmware Attacks, Replay Attacks, False Data Injection, and Identity Spoofing.

Results: To mitigate these threats, several countermeasures were identified. These include End-to-End Encryption to protect data during transmission, Authentication Protocols for transaction verification, Intrusion Detection Systems for monitoring suspicious activities, Regular Firmware Updates, Rate Limiting, Physical Security Measures, Time-Stamping and Sequence Numbers to prevent replay attacks, Data Integrity Checks, Role-Based Access Control, and Security Awareness and Training.

Conclusion: As Smart V2G Systems become more prevalent, their security is of utmost importance. By recognizing potential threats and implementing the proposed countermeasures, V2G systems can remain secure, ensuring the benefits of this technology are realized without compromising the safety of the grid or EV owners.